1950s
Exploration of Remote Mind Control methods began in the 1950's. From this point onward, experiments in telepathy and remote mind control ("artificial telepathy") began to overlap.
In 1952, the CIA began Project Moonstruck. Electronic devices were designed to be implanted in the brain or teeth, surreptitiously or during abduction, with the specific goal of mind and behavior control.
In 1953, the agency launched Project MK-ULTRA, also known as Project Artichoke, an umbrella program with many sub-programs. Psychiatrists experimented with drugs, narcoleptic trance, electronics, and electroshock to create "cyborg" mentalities. The experiments involved "remote control" insofar as VHF, UHF and modulated ELF broadcasts were used for E.D.O.M. (Electronic Dissolution of Memory).
The Soviets reportedly began to delve into the biological effect of microwaves as early as 1953. A number of laboratories were set up across the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe, including one at the Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases Academy of Medical Sciences.
Although the Soviets reported on their experiments in the open literature, the parameters they defined were insufficient for duplicating the experiments, and some scientists in the United States questioned whether the whole matter was disinformation. It was not.
Early CIA funding provided the wherewithal for a project launched at Honeywell, Inc. for "a method to penetrate inside a man's mind and control his brain waves over long distance."
At the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Maitland Baldwin, under CIA supervision, bombarded the brains of lobotomised monkeys with radio waves. According to researcher Alex Constantine, "His CIA monitors noted weird excesses: in one experiment, Baldwin decapitated a monkey and transplanted its head to the body of another, then attempted to restore it to life with radar saturation."
In his pioneering work, Dr. Ross Adey determined that emotional states and behavior can be remotely influenced merely by placing a subject in an electromagnetic field. By directing a carrier frequency to stimulate the brain and using amplitude modulation to shape the wave to mimic a desired EEG frequency, he was able to impose a 4.5 CPS theta rhythm on his subjects.
Meanwhile, experiments in classic telepathy continued.
In 1953, Wilfred Daim, an Austrian psychotherapist, attempted to transmit a target to a sleeping percipient. The target material consisted of a geometrical symbol and a color in random combination. Target-dream correspondences were reported in 75% of 30 trials.
At about the same time, exploratory dream telepathy studies were being initiated by Montague Ullman and L.A. Dale. These studies were designed to explore possible paranormal correspondences between recorded dreams and events in each of their lives.
The results were encouraging and led to a series of exploratory studies using the all-night REM monitoring technique to determine the onset and termination of recurring dream sequences. This technique freed the investigator from relying on the uncertainty of spontaneous dream recall in a dream telepathy experiment.
These studies pointed to the usefulness of the REM monitoring technique as a way of experimentally approaching the subject of dream telepathy. The results supported the working hypothesis that psi effects could be incorporated into both manifest and symbolic dream content. Further refinement of the design was indicated:
1. To eliminate all possibilities of sensory cues relating to the target reaching the subject.
2. To arrange for the independent blind outside judging of possible correspondences between target and dream.
3. To work out appropriate statistical techniques to evaluate any matching process.
In 1962, with the establishment of a Dream Laboratory at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, it became possible to pursue the work along these lines.
The telepathy research at Miamonedes Medical Center was later incorporated into the CIA’s MONARCH program. The apparent goal was to somehow combine telepathy with remote mind control.
Sources:
Dale, L. A. A series of spontaneous cases in the tradition of Phantasms of the Living. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 45: 85-101, 1951.
Aserinsky, E., and Kleitman, N. Regularly occurring periods of eye motility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science, 118: 273-274, 1953.
Daim, W. Studies in dream-telepathy. Tomorrow, 2: 35-48. 1953.
Ehrenwald, J. (1955). New Dimensions of Deep Analysis. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Servadio, E. A. (1956). Transference and thought transference. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 37: 392-395.
Rose, R. Living Magic: The Realities underlying the Psychical Practices and Beliefs of Australian Aborigines. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1956.
Coleman, M. L. The paranormal triangle in analytical supervision. Psychoanalysis and the Psychoanalytic Review, 45: 73-84, 1958.
1960
The CIA launched MK-DELTA, known as "Deep Sleep," a remote mind control program focussed on fine-tuned, electromagnetic subliminal programming. The agency used VHF, HF, and UHF transmissions modulated at ELF to cause fatigue, mood swings and behavior dysfunction in chosen targets.
Drs. Joseph Sharp and Allen Frey experimented with microwaves seeking to transmit spoken words directly into the audio cortex via a pulsed-microwave analog of the speaker's sound vibration. Indeed, Frey's work in this field, dating back to 1960, gave rise to the so called "Frey effect" which is now more commonly referred to as "microwave hearing." Within the Pentagon this ability is now known as "Artificial Telepathy."
Adey and others have compiled an entire library of frequencies and pulsation rates which can effect the mind and nervous system.
1961
In 1961, Allen Frey, working for the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), announced that human beings are capable of hearing microwave broadcasts, in the case of his experiments, what he described as buzzing or knocking sounds.
1962
By the 1960s, many telepathy researchers had become dissatisfied with the forced-choice experiments of J. B. Rhine, partly because of boredom on the part of test participants after many repetitions of monotonous card-guessing, and partly because of the observed "decline effect" where the accuracy of card guessing would decrease over time for a given participant, which some parapsychologists attributed to this boredom.
Some parapsychologists turned to free response experimental formats where the target was not limited to a small finite predetermined set of responses (e.g., Zener cards), but rather could be any sort of picture, drawing, photograph, movie clip, piece of music etc.
As a result of surveys of spontaneous psi experiences which reported that more than half of these occurred in the dreaming state, researchers Montaque Ullman and Stanley Krippner at the Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, undertook a series of experiments to test for telepathy in the dream state.
A "receiver" participant in a soundproof, electronically shielded room would be monitored while sleeping for EEG patterns and rapid eye movements (REMs) indicating dream state. A "sender" in another room would then attempt to send an image, randomly selected from a pool of images, to the receiver by focusing on the image during the detected dream states. Near the end of each REM period, the receiver would be awakened and asked to describe their dream during that period. The researchers claim that the data gathered suggest that sometimes the sent image was incorporated in some way into the content of the receiver's dreams.
Sources:
Ullman, M., Krippner, S., and Feldstein, S. Experimentally-induced telepathic dreams: Two studies using EEG-REM monitoring technique. International Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 2: 420-437, 1966.
Ullman M., and Krippner, S. A laboratory approach to the nocturnal dimension of paranormal experience: Report of a confirmatory study using the REM monitoring technique. Biological psychiatry, 1: 259-270, 1969.
Ullman, M., and Krippner, S. Dream studies and telepathy. Parapsychological Monographs No. 12. New York: Parapsychological Foundation, 1970.
Ullman, M., Krippner, S., and Honorton, C. A review of the Maimonides dream-ESP experiments, 1964-1969. Psychophysiology, 7: 354-355, 1970 (a) (abstract).
Ullman. M.. Krippner, S., and Honorton, C. A review of the Maimonides dream-ESP experiments 1964-1969. Mysterious Worlds (Tel Aviv), 16: 36-37, 1970 (b).
Ullman. M., and Krippner, S., with Vaughan, A. Dream Telepathy. New York: Macmillan, 1973.
1964
In 1964, CIA Director Richard Helms sent a memo to the Warren Commission, mentioning "biological radio communication." Helms' theorising about such methods was truly reminiscent of Orwell's 1984. He said, "Cybernetics [or computer theory] can be used in the moulding of a child's character, the inculcation of knowledge and techniques, the amassing of experience, the establishment of social behaviour patterns -- all functions which can be summarised as control of the growth processes of the individual."
1965
From 1965 through to 1970, the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), with up to 70-80% funding provided by the military, set in motion operation PANDORA to study the health and psychological effects of low intensity microwaves with regard to the so-called "Moscow signal."
This project appears to have been quite extensive and included (under U.S. Navy funding) studies demonstrating how to induce heart seizures, create leaks in the blood/brain barrier and production of auditory hallucinations.
Despite attempts to render the Pandora program invisible to scrutiny, FOIA filings revealed memoranda of Richard Cesaro, Director of DARPA, which confirmed that the program's initial goal was to "discover whether a carefully controlled microwave signal could control the mind." Cesaro urged that these studies be made "for potential weapons applications."
Duane, D. & Behrendt, T. (1965). Extrasensory electroencephalographic induction between identical twins. Science, 150, 367.
1971
A telepathic experiment conducted during the Apollo 14 mission in 1971 proved distance is not a barrier. The experiment was not authorized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), nor was it announced until the mission was completed. Astronaut Edgar D. Mitchell conducted the experiment with four recipients on Earth, 150,000 miles below. Mitchell concentrated on sequences of twenty-five random numbers. He completed 200 sequences. Guessing 40 correctly was the mean chance. Two of the recipients guessed 51 correctly. This far exceeded Mitchell's expectations, but still was only moderately significant.
Ganzfeld experiments have received widespread attention in recent times, and some believe they provide some experimental evidence of telepathy[citation needed]. Such experiments, however, are generally believed to be flawed by the scientific community.[1][2]
Other experiments have been conducted by the biologist Rupert Sheldrake, who claims strong results. These include experiments into:
The 'sense of being stared at', in which the subject guesses whether he/she is being stared at by another person
Whether a subject can tell who is phoning them before picking up the receiver
Whether dogs can tell when their owners are about to return home.
1973
In 1973, Dr. Joseph C. Sharp, at Walter Reed Hospital, while in a soundproof room heard spoken words broadcast by "pulsed microwave audiogram." Broadcast in a range between 300 MHz to 3GHz. Sharp was able to identify words that were broadcast without any form of electronic translation device - by direct transmission to the brain.
L.L. Vasiliev, professor of physiology at the University of Leningrad, described one experiment in remote hypnosis using undefined techniques of radio control:
"As a control of the subject's condition, when she was outside the laboratory in another set of experiments, a radio set was used. The results obtained indicate that the method of using radio signals substantially enhances the experimental possibilities. I.F. Tomaschevsky [a Russian physiologist] carried out the first experiments with this subject at a distance of one or two rooms, and under conditions that the participant would not know or suspect that she would be experimented with. In other cases, the sender was not in the same house, and someone else observed the subject's behaviour. Subsequent experiments at considerable distances were successful. One such experiment was carried out in the park at a distance. Mental suggestions to go to sleep were complied with within a minute."
1974
In 1974, Lawrence Pinneo, a neurophysiologist and electronic engineer working for Stanford Research Institute (a leading military contractor), "developed a computer system capable of reading a person's mind. It correlated brain waves on an electroencephalograph with specific commands."
J.F. Schapitz, working with the Department of Defense in 1974, filed the following research proposal:
"In this investigation it will be shown that the spoken word of the hypnotist may be conveyed by modulated electro-magnetic energy directly into the subconscious parts of the human brain - i.e., without employing any technical devices for receiving or transcoding the messages and without the person exposed to such influence having a chance to control the information input consciously."
Schapitz proposed an experiment wherein a subject would be subconsciously told to leave the laboratory, the command triggered by a word or action from the researcher. As in the tricks played by stage hypnotists, Schapitz was certain that the subject would rationalise the otherwise irrational desire to leave the lab. Records of Schapitz' research, beyond the initial proposal, have never been declassified.
A specific Russian mind control technology was outed by the American Defense News in 1993, termed "acoustic psycho-correction." According to the magazine, "The Russian capability, demonstrated in a series of laboratory experiments dating back to the mid-1970s, could be used to suppress riots, control dissidents, demoralise or disable opposing forces and enhance the performance of friendly special operations teams, sources say.
"Pioneered by the government-funded Department of Psycho-Correction at the Moscow Medical Academy, acoustic psycho-correction involves the transmission of specific commands via static or white noise bands into the human subconscious without upsetting other intellectual functions. Experts said that laboratory demonstrations have shown encouraging results after exposure of less than one minute."
Targ, R. & Puthoff, H.E. (1974). Information transmission under conditions of sensory shielding. Nature 252, 602-607.
1975
A study by A.W. Guy and others, released in 1975 by the DIA, reported on experiments to determine the particulars of the phenomenon of audible electromagnetics, and its relation to such things a pulse power, pulse shape, and frequency. Along with a number of details about the nature of electromagnetic interaction with humans and animals. Guy explained why the microwaves were audible: microscopic thermal expansion of brain tissues. Guy had even experimented with sending Morse code via microwaves.
Also reported on were Soviet capabilities: "Sounds and possibly even words which appear to be originating intercranially can be induced by signal modulations at very low power densities."
Dr. Robert O. Becker, in The Body Electric, commented on the technology: "Such a device has obvious applications in covert operations designed to drive a target crazy with 'voices' or deliver undetected instructions to a programmed assassin."
1976
EDWIN MAY joined the Stanford Research Institute's remote viewing program in 1976. He became head of the program after Hal Puthoff left in 1985. He continued his work as director at SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation) when the research program moved in 1991.
May left SAIC on 11/28/95. He is a frequent contributor to the Journal of Parapsychology, and is currently with the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory of Palo Alto, California, which he founded at SRI.
Puthoff, H. E. & Targ, R. (1976). A perceptual channel for information transfer over kilometer distances: Historical perspective and recent research. Proc. IEEE, 64, 329-354.
1977
Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, the MKULTRA heavyweight, during questioning by Senator Richard Schweicker in 1977 Senate hearings on CIA drug testing responded as follows:
SCHWEIKER: Some of the projects under MKULTRA involved hypnosis, is that correct?
GOTTLIEB: Yes.
SCHWEICKER Did any of these projects involve something called radio hypnotic intracerebral control, which is a combination, as I understand it, in layman's terms, of radio transmissions and hypnosis.
GOTTLIEB: My answer is "No."
SCHWEICKER: None whatsoever?
GOTTLIEB: Well, I am trying to be responsive to the terms you used. As I remember it, there was a current interest, running interest, all the time in what effects people's standing in the field of radio energy have, and it could easily have been that somewhere in many projects, someone was trying to see if you could hypnotise someone easier if he was standing in a radio beam. That would seem like a reasonable piece of research to do.
In 1977 Dr. Sam Koslov, the scientific assistant to the Secretary of the Navy, was briefed on a number of current research projects. One of them, in progress at Stanford Research Institute was named "ELF and Mind Control." ELF is the acronym of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation. Koslov didn't like the sound of that project and ordered it cancelled, but according to the Washington Post, the funding was merely diverted into a different project heading and continued to go forward.
1978
From 1978 to 1988, Skip Atwater was the Operations and Training Officer for the once highly classified US Army Intelligence remote viewing surveillance program, and played an important role in the program’s founding. Working closely with the personnel in the SRI International remote viewing research program, he trained professional intelligence personnel to remote view, then used these highly skilled psychic spies to conduct thousands of remote viewing intelligence collection missions for a variety of US intelligence agencies. For ten years Skip worked directly with the cadre of remote viewers, helping to hone their skills.
Since his military retirement in 1988, Skip has been the Research Director at The Monroe Institute, a world renowned nonprofit organization conducting research and offering educational programs supporting the evolution of consciousness. He has published technical research on methods for expanding consciousness, and assisted hundreds of individuals in experiencing and exploring altered states of consciousness. is a director on the board of the International Remote Viewing Association.
1981
Scientist Eldon Byrd, who worked for the Naval Surface Weapons Office, was commissioned in 1981 to develop electromagnetic devices for purposes including riot control, clandestine operations and hostage removal.
1983
Major Edward Dames claims he was the operations and training officer for the Army's (INSCOM) and DIA's remote-viewing program starting around late 1983 under CENTER LANE. "Dames took a 'let's see what this baby can do' approach, replacing the unit's former intelligence collection methodology with the breakthrough technique.
He left the remote-viewing unit in late summer, 1988.
Dames was a long-serving member of the highly classified operation GRILL-FLAME, a program that focused on some of the more bizarre possibilities of intelligence gathering and remote interrogation. Known as "remote viewers," GRILL-FLAME personnel possessed a marked psychic ability that was put to use "penetrating" designated targets and gathering important intelligence on significant figures.
The program operated with two teams: one working out of the top secret NSA facility at Fort George Meade in Maryland, and the other at Stanford Research Institute. Results are said to have been exemplary.
1989
Following the Oliver North debacle, the Secretary of Defense officially terminated GRILL-FLAME, fearing bad publicity if the program were to become known to the public. The leading members of the project -- including Dames -- immediately relocated to the privately owned and newly formed Psi-Tech, in Beverly Hills, CA.
They continue their work to this day, operating under government contract. In the course of his work, Dames was (and remains) close to many the leading figures and proponents of anti-personnel electromagnetic weapons, especially those that operate in the neurological field.
During NBC's "The Other Side" program, Dames stated that "The U.S. Government has an electronic device which could implant thoughts in people." He refused to comment further. The program was broadcast during April 1995.
Radin & Nelson, 1989;
Radin, D. I. & Nelson, R. D. (1989). Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies in random physical systems. Found. Phys. 19(12), 1499-1514.
March 1991
The March 23, 1991 ITV newsbrief "High-Tech Psychological Warfare Arrives in the Middle East"describes a US PsychologicalOperations (PsyOps) tactic directed against Iraqi troops in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm. The manoeuvre consisted of a system in which subliminal mind-altering technology was carried on standard radio frequency broadcasts.
The March 26, 1991 newsbrief states that among the standard military planning groups in the centre of US war planning operations at Riyadh was "an unbelievable and highly classified PsyOps program utilising 'silent sound'techniques."
The opportunity to use this method occurred when Saddam Hussein's military command-and-control system was destroyed. The Iraqi troops were then forced to use commercial FM radio stations to carry encoded commands, which were broadcast on the 100 MHz frequency. The US PsyOps team set up its own portable FM transmitter, utilising the same frequency, in the deserted city of Al Khafji. This US transmitter overpowered the local Iraqi station. Along with patriotic and religious music, PsyOps transmitted "vague, confusing and contradictory military orders and information."
Subliminally, a much more powerful technology was at work: a sophisticated electronic system to 'speak' directly to the mind of the listener, to alter and entrain his brainwaves, to manipulate his brain's electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns and artificially implant negative emotional states -- feelings of fear, anxiety, despair and hopelessness. This subliminal system doesn't just tell a person to feel an emotion, it makes them feel it; it implants that emotion in their minds."
The mind-altering mechanism is based on a subliminal carrier technology: the Silent Sound Spread Spectrum (SSSS), sometimes called "S-quad" or "Squad." It was developed by Dr Oliver Lowery of Norcross, Georgia, and is described in US Patent #5,159,703 "Silent Subliminal Presentation System" dated October 27, 1992.
According to literature by Silent Sounds, Inc., it is now possible, using supercomputers, to analyse human emotional EEG patterns and replicate them, then store these "emotion signature clusters" on another computer and, at will, "silently induce and change the emotional state in a human being."
1992
According to Tactical Technology magazine, "While visiting Russia in November 1991, [Janet] Morris and other members of a team sent to investigate Russian technologies for commercial development were invited to a demonstration of a mind control technology.
A volunteer from the U.S. team sat down in front of a computer screen as innocuous words flashed across the screen. The volunteer was only required to tell which words he liked and which words he disliked. At the end of the demonstration the Russian staff started revealing the sensitive, innermost thoughts of the volunteer - none of which had been previously discussed.
The recorded message was mixed with what appeared to be white noise or static, so when played back it became indecipherable. Since there were no more volunteers in the U.S. group, the Russians volunteered to go upstairs and let the Americans choose a mental patient for a demonstration.
The Americans declined the offer.
"The Russians told Morris of a demonstration in which a group of workers were outside the hospital working on the grounds. The staff sent an acoustic psycho-correction message via their machine to the workers telling them to put down their tools, knock on the door of the hospital and ask if there was anything else they could do. The workers did exactly that, the Russians said.
"The Russians admitted to using this technology for special operations teams selection and performance enhancement and to aid their Olympic athletes and an Antarctic exploration team. Unlike lie detectors, this machine can determine when the truth is spoken, according to Morris.
"Being an infrasound, very low frequency-type transmission, the acoustic psycho-correction message is transmitted via bone conduction. This means that earplugs will not restrict the message. An entire body protection system would be required to stop reception. The message, according to the Russians, bypasses the conscious level and is acted on almost immediately. The Russians say that the messages are acted upon with exposure times of under one minute.
"Morris envisions this technology will be miniaturised into a hand-held device. Presently, the International Healthline Corp. of Richmond, Va., is planning to bring a Russian team of specialists to the U.S. in the near future to further demonstrate the capability. International Healthline is a private corporation that is exploring Russian medical technologies for import to the U.S."
1993
The Oct-Nov. 1994 NEXUS magazine reported: "Directed-energy weapons currently being deployed include, for example, a microwave weapon manufactured by Lockheed-Sanders and used for a process known as 'Voice Synthesis' which is remote beaming of audio (i.e., voices or other audible signals) directly into the brain of any selected human target. This process is also known within the U.S. Government as "Synthetic Telepathy." This psychotronic weapon was demonstrated by Dr. Dave Morgan at the November, 1993 Non-Lethal weapons conference."
1994
Grinberg-Zylberbaum et al, 1994;
Grinberg-Zylberbaum, J., Dalaflor, D., Attie, L. & Goswami, A. (1994). The Einstein- Podolsky-Rosen paradox in the brain: The transferred potential. Physics Essays, 7, 422.
1996
In July 1996, the Spotlight, a widely circulated right-wing U.S. newspaper, reported that well-placed DoD sources have confirmed a classified Pentagon contract for the development of "high-power electromagnetic generators that interfere with human brain waves."
The article cited the memorandum of understanding dated 1994 between Attorney General Janet Reno, and Defense Secretary William Perry for transfer of LTL weapons to the law enforcement sector. A budget of under $50 million has been made available for funding associated "black" programs.
Dr. Emery Horvath, a professor of physics at Harvard University, has stated in connection to the generator that interferes with human brain waves that "These electronic 'skull-zappers' are designed to invade the mind and short circuit its synapses . . . in the hands of government technicians, it may be used to disorient entire crowds, or to manipulate individuals into self destructive acts. It's a terrifying weapon."
1997
Bierman, D.J. & Radin, D. I. (1997). Anomalous anticipatory response on randomized future conditions. Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, 689-690.
1999
Bruce, R.: Astral Dynamics: A NEW Approach to Out-of-Body Experience. Hampton Roads, 1999. For a discussion of astral projection and metaspace this is essential reading.
2000
Gao, 2000;
Gao Shan (2000). Quantum Motion and Superluminal Communication. Beijing: Chinese BT Publishing House.
Gao Shan (2001). From quantum motion to classical motion-seeking the lost reality. Physics Essays, 14(1), 37-48.
Gao Shan (2003). Quantum. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.
Gao Shan (2004). Quantum collapse, consciousness and superluminal communication.
Found. Phys. Lett, 17(2), 167-182.
2003
Wackermann et al, 2003.
Wackermann, J., Seiter, C., Keibel, H. & Walach, H. (2003). Correlations between brain electrical activities of two spatially separated human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 336, 60-64.
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