Sunday, June 18, 2006

The Aviary: Key players of the 1980s and 1990s


The story of artificial telepathy research in the 1980s and 1990s centers on The Aviary and their leader, Col. John B. Alexander (see photo).

"The Aviary" is a collection of strange birds: a group of key scientists, military men and intelligence agents who share an intense interest in UFOs, telepathy, remote viewing, parapsychology, mind control and the creation of psychotronic weapons.

They seem to work and flock together, and they are reportedly part of a secretive cell. Its members are codenamed after birds, hence they are called "the Birds" and their cell is called the "Aviary."

See: http://www.think-aboutit.com/ufo/aviary.htm
http://www.drboylan.com/aviary2.html

The strange UFO slant on this group appears to be simple disinformation.

Members of the Aviary have reportedly participated in MILABS operations -- black operations by rogue military-intelligence units that stalk, harrass, terrorize, kidnap, drug, gang-rape and mind-rape innocent civilians, using hypnotic mind-control programming to implant a false post-hypnotic "memory" that the episode was an "alien abduction."

See Dr. Richard Boylan's article on Fake "Alien abductions":
http://www.drboylan.com/milabs.html

A well-designed program to torture civilians requires plausible deniability and a built-in means or method to discredit the victims. Certainly people who hear voices or run to the police complaining of an "alien abduction" are instantly discredited. Hence the UFO debate: are alien abductions real, or just some kind of psywar cover for nefarious deeds by "men in black"?

For John Alexander's comments on MILABS, and his plausible denial that any such program exists, see: http://www.konformist.com/mkkafe/milabs.htm
For Alex Constantine's rebuttal:
http://www.konformist.com/mkkafe/milabsa.htm
For Armen Victorien's comments:
http://www.konformist.com/mkkafe/milabsb.htm

According to the Doc Hambone site
http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/hambone/people.html
there is still a great deal of uncertainty over who belongs to the Aviary, and what their codenames really are:

"The individuals involved expanded to include almost anyone that supports or debunks UFO research that is in any way connected to the government. Michael Persinger has been included, as well as Susan Blackmore for interviewing him. It has degenerated to the point that it's now an inside joke on the newsgroups, with people giving each other codenames like Pigeon and Dodo Bird."

The Aviary in Order of Codename:

BLUEJAY - Dr Chris Green - CIA.

CHICKADEE - Cmdr. C.B. Scott Jones - psychotronics, Navy Intel, DIA

CONDOR - Capt. Bob Collins, USAF

HAWK - Ernie Kellerstraus

FALCON - Sgt. Richard "Dick" Doty

MORNINGDOVE - Unnamed

OWL - Dr Harold Puthoff – Parapsychologist, Ex NSA

PARTRIDGE - Jacques Vallee, PhD

PELICAN - Ron Pandolphi – Physicist CIA

PENGUIN - John Alexander - Former Army Intel on the board of Psi-tech

RAVEN - Dr Jack Vorona – DIA DoD

SEAGULL - Bruce Maccabee, Ph.D.

SPARROW - William Moore, USAF


The Aviary in order of real name:

COL. JOHN B. ALEXANDER - Penguin

CAPT. BOB COLLINS - Condor

SGT. RICHARD "DICK" DOTY - Falcon

Dr. CHRISTOPHER GREEN - Bluejay

C.B. SCOTT JONES - Falcon or Chickadee

ERNIE KELLERSTRAUS - Hawk

BRUCE MACCABEE - Seagull

WILLIAM MOORE - Sparrow

RON PANDOLFI - Pelican

DR. HAL PUTHOFF - Owl

JACQUES VALEE - Partridge

JACK VORONA - Raven

The following are short profiles of the reported members of The Aviary.

John Alexander (PENGUIN), Ph.D. in Thanatology [Death Sciences], Col. ("Ret."), U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM), which is undoubtedly his military cover for the National Security Agency (NSA). He is a former Green Beret, and completed his Ph.D. thesis under the supervision of Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, an expert in "out of body" experiences during near-death trauma.

He entered the Army as a private in 1956, and retired as a Colonel in 1988. Commander, Army Special Forces Teams, U.S. Army, Thailand, Vietnam, 1966-69. Chief of Human Resources division, U.S. Army, Ft. McPherson, GA, 1977-79. Inspector General, Department of the Army, Washington, 1980-82. Chief of human technology, Army Intelligence Command, US Army, Arlington, VA 1982-83. Manager of tech integration, Army Materiel Command, US Army, Alexandria, VA, 1983-85. Director, advanced concepts, US Army Lab Command, Adelphi, MD, 1985-88.

In December 1980, Colonel Alexander published an article in the US Army's journal, Military Review, "The New Mental Battlefield", stating that telepathy could be used to interfere with the brain's electrical activity. This caught the attention of senior Army generals who encouraged him to pursue what they termed "soft option kill" technologies. After retiring from the Army in 1988, Alexander joined the Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL) and began working with Janet Morris, the Research Director of the US Global Strategy Council (USGSC), chaired by Dr Ray Cline, former Deputy Director of the CIA.

As director of the Non-Lethal (sic) Weapons Department at LANL, Alexander has been reportedly involved in counter-intelligence remote-viewing, psychic-warfare, psychotronic and mind-control projects with military/security applications, while maintaining the cover of nonlethal military/crowd control physical-countermeasures research.

Along with INSCOM General Al Stubblebine and INSCOM Major Ed Dames, Dr. Alexander has been serving as a Board Member of PSI-Tech Corporation, involved in proprietary remote-viewing projects for hire.

According to the National Institute of Discovery Science (NIDS), a Department of Defense funded think tank which explores so-called fringe science and psychology, Dr. John B. Alexander serves as a "Discreet Project Scout."

NIDS states: "Dr. Alexander, a staff member of the National Institute of Discovery Science, provides interface with Science Advisory Board Members. He joined NIDS when it was formed in 1995 shortly after retiring (a second time) from the University of California. . . . Dr. Alexander was chairman of the first three major US conferences on non-lethal weapons. His work has brought him international recognition and he has been a US delegate to three NATO studies on advanced weapons. He has written many articles on a wide variety of topics and co-authored The Warrior’s Edge. "

The Penguin also serves on the adjunct faculty of the California Institute for Human Sciences. http://www.cihs.edu/

Rumor has it that Alexander is head of the Aviary, and that the Aviary is headquartered at Los Alamos.

Victorian, Armen "Nonlethality: John B. Alexander, The Pentagon's Penguin" Lobster, June 1993 http://home.earthlink.net/~alanyu76/nonlethal.htm

See Also: The Three Faces of the Penguin http://www.konformist.com/1998/penguin/penguin.htm

Chart regarding the many connections of John B. Alexander:
http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb06?_ALEXANDER_JOHN_B%20%28COL%29

For many more sources, try searching on the string "Alexander, John B." at Namebase:
http://www.namebase.org/n2search.html

Capt. Robert M. "Bob" Collins (CONDOR), USAF (Ret.), Special Agent, Air Force Office of Special Investigations, engaged in UFO-related intelligence operations; reportedly appeared clandestinely on 1988 Kodak-produced network television (dis-)information program "UFO Cover-Up Live", where Collins, *reportedly* along with "former" CIA contract employee and current UFO-conferences disinformation lecturer, John Lear, presented accounts of alien autopsies, UFO retrievals, and the government's awareness about UFOs and ET presence.

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Collins%2C+Robert+M.

Sgt. Richard C. "Dick" Doty (FALCON), USAF (Ret.), Special Agent, Air Force Office of Special Investigations, reported to have engaged in UFO disinformation projects, including reportedly hoaxing TV producer Linda Moulton Howe concerning availability of a tape showing a UFO landing at Holloman Air Force Base, NM; and of allegedly waging psychological warfare on Albuquerque defense electronics contractor Paul Bennewitz, concerning Bennewitz's electronic monitoring of UFO activity around Kirtland AFB/Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, reportedly causing/exacerbating a mental breakdown in Mr. Bennewitz. Reportedly, FALCON claims to have seen the Roswell Alien Autopsy film (shown worldwide August 28, 1995) some time ago at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Doty%2C+Richard

Dr. Christopher C. "Kit" Green (BLUEJAY), MD, Ph.D., Chief, Biomedical Sciences Department, General Motors; former custodian of the CIA's UFO files at the "Weird Desk"; received the National Intelligence Medal for his work on a classified project during the period of 1979-1983; recently reported to be White House UFO liaison. Dr. Green has admitted that the CIA has compiled over 30,000 files on UFOs, 200 of which are extremely interesting. Green was a key CIA member in examining the UFO problem for several years: a former Scientific Advisor on the Advisory Board to the Directorate of Intelligence, CIA. He apparently has interests that extend into remote viewing, neurophysiology, and other highly interesting areas. Known for his stony silence.

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Green%2C+Christopher

Cmdr. C.B. Scott Jones (CHICKADEE), Ph.D., USN (Ret.), former officer with the Office of Naval Intelligence and other Agencies; with 30 years service in U.S. Intelligence overseas; involved in government research and development projects for the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) and other organizations; former Senate aide to Sen. Claiborne Pell, who has had a long-standing interest in UFOs and the paranormal, *and has tried to get Congressional Hearings held on UFOs; President, Human Potential Foundation; and "point-man" for Laurence Rockefeller on UFO matters, currently tasked to contact world leaders concerning upcoming public announcements of UFO/ET reality; recently convened the May, 1995 Washington, D.C. "When Cosmic Cultures Meet International Conference."

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Jones%2C+Scott

Ernie Kellerstraus (HAWK), security-cleared for UFO information, worked at Wright-Patterson AFB in the 1970's, and is reported to have lived with a Star Visitor for a while; reported to have worked with Dale Graff (*HARRIER*?) and Captain Bob Collins (CONDOR), Air Force Intelligence, to supply UFO information to widely-suspected disinformation operative and self-styled ufologist William Moore.


Bruce Maccabee (SEAGULL), Ph.D., research scientist in optical physics and laser weapons applications at the U.S. Naval Surface Weapons Lab, MD; MUFON physics/photo-interpretive consultant, and prolific author and consultant expert on selected "leaked" or disinformational UFO cases/topics, such as the Gulf Breeze-Ed Walters alleged UFO photos, the Canadian "Carp UFO" hoaxed "incident", and the documented repeat UFO landings at the hyper-secure Manzano Canyon Facility at Kirtland AFB/Sandia National Laboratories-Military Reservation.

http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Maccabee%2C+Bruce

William L. Moore (SPARROW), USAF (Ret.), Special Agent, Air Force Office of Special Investigations; prolific UFO "author"; reportedly publicly admitted at a MUFON Conference to being an Air Force Intelligence operative involved in UFO-related disinformation projects.

http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Moore%2C+William+L.

Ronald Pandolfi (PELICAN), CIA Deputy Director for the Division of Science and Technology, and current custodian of UFO files at the "Weird Desk"; involved in the White House Initiative, as UFO liaison, to expedite (at Laurence Rockefeller's behest) the release of UFO information to the public; and has been quietly leaking UFO information the past few years.

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Pandolfi%2C+Ron

Harold E. "Hal" Puthoff (OWL), physicist with the Institute for Advanced research in Austin, TX who specializes in Zero-Point Energy, a quantum/resonance physics phenomenon with reported potential for above- unity ("free") energy; formerly an Stanford Research Institute (SRI) and reported DIA researcher, (along with psi guru and fellow Scientologist Ingo Swann,) into parapsychological, psychotronic, remote-viewing, and mind-control projects, and reportedly involved in classified ET-technology studies.

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Puthoff%2C+Harold

Jacques Vallee (PARTRIDGE), Ph.D., formerly an astrophysicist with GEPAN, the French Goverrnment's UFO investigative agency, later moved to U.S. as principal investigator with Defense Department computer network projects; worked with famed astronomer Dr. J. Allen Hynek who left and denounced the military's Project Blue Book as a disinformational smokescreen; prolific author on UFO subject, lately turning to metaphysical explanations for the phenomenon.

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?Na=Vallee%2C+Jacques

Dr. Jack Vorona (RAVEN) one of the initiators of the DIA's Sleeping Beauty project which aimed to achieve battlefield superiority using mind-altering electromagnetic weaponry; Appears to be a kingpin in The Aviary, and a Washington insiders' guessing game has sprung up, as devotees of UFO intelligence data argue for the probable identity of their favorite "candidate". [Possible candidates: Henry Kissinger, Ph.D., Edward Teller, Ph.D.; General Brent Scowcroft.]

See Also: http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb01?_VORONA_JACK_

Sunday, June 11, 2006

History of Artificial Telepathy, 1950 - Present


1950s

Exploration of Remote Mind Control methods began in the 1950's. From this point onward, experiments in telepathy and remote mind control ("artificial telepathy") began to overlap.

In 1952, the CIA began Project Moonstruck. Electronic devices were designed to be implanted in the brain or teeth, surreptitiously or during abduction, with the specific goal of mind and behavior control.

In 1953, the agency launched Project MK-ULTRA, also known as Project Artichoke, an umbrella program with many sub-programs. Psychiatrists experimented with drugs, narcoleptic trance, electronics, and electroshock to create "cyborg" mentalities. The experiments involved "remote control" insofar as VHF, UHF and modulated ELF broadcasts were used for E.D.O.M. (Electronic Dissolution of Memory).

The Soviets reportedly began to delve into the biological effect of microwaves as early as 1953. A number of laboratories were set up across the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe, including one at the Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases Academy of Medical Sciences.

Although the Soviets reported on their experiments in the open literature, the parameters they defined were insufficient for duplicating the experiments, and some scientists in the United States questioned whether the whole matter was disinformation. It was not.

Early CIA funding provided the wherewithal for a project launched at Honeywell, Inc. for "a method to penetrate inside a man's mind and control his brain waves over long distance."

At the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Maitland Baldwin, under CIA supervision, bombarded the brains of lobotomised monkeys with radio waves. According to researcher Alex Constantine, "His CIA monitors noted weird excesses: in one experiment, Baldwin decapitated a monkey and transplanted its head to the body of another, then attempted to restore it to life with radar saturation."

In his pioneering work, Dr. Ross Adey determined that emotional states and behavior can be remotely influenced merely by placing a subject in an electromagnetic field. By directing a carrier frequency to stimulate the brain and using amplitude modulation to shape the wave to mimic a desired EEG frequency, he was able to impose a 4.5 CPS theta rhythm on his subjects.

Meanwhile, experiments in classic telepathy continued.

In 1953, Wilfred Daim, an Austrian psychotherapist, attempted to transmit a target to a sleeping percipient. The target material consisted of a geometrical symbol and a color in random combination. Target-dream correspondences were reported in 75% of 30 trials.

At about the same time, exploratory dream telepathy studies were being initiated by Montague Ullman and L.A. Dale. These studies were designed to explore possible paranormal correspondences between recorded dreams and events in each of their lives.

The results were encouraging and led to a series of exploratory studies using the all-night REM monitoring technique to determine the onset and termination of recurring dream sequences. This technique freed the investigator from relying on the uncertainty of spontaneous dream recall in a dream telepathy experiment.

These studies pointed to the usefulness of the REM monitoring technique as a way of experimentally approaching the subject of dream telepathy. The results supported the working hypothesis that psi effects could be incorporated into both manifest and symbolic dream content. Further refinement of the design was indicated:

1. To eliminate all possibilities of sensory cues relating to the target reaching the subject.
2. To arrange for the independent blind outside judging of possible corre­spondences between target and dream.
3. To work out appropriate statistical techniques to evaluate any matching process.

In 1962, with the establishment of a Dream Laboratory at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, it became possible to pursue the work along these lines.

The telepathy research at Miamonedes Medical Center was later incorporated into the CIA’s MONARCH program. The apparent goal was to somehow combine telepathy with remote mind control.

Sources:

Dale, L. A. A series of spontaneous cases in the tradition of Phantasms of the Living. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 45: 85-101, 1951.

Aserinsky, E., and Kleitman, N. Regularly occurring periods of eye motility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science, 118: 273-274, 1953.

Daim, W. Studies in dream-telepathy. Tomorrow, 2: 35-48. 1953.

Ehrenwald, J. (1955). New Dimensions of Deep Analysis. New York: Grune & Stratton.

Servadio, E. A. (1956). Transference and thought transference. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 37: 392-395.

Rose, R. Living Magic: The Realities underlying the Psychical Practices and Beliefs of Australian Aborigines. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1956.

Coleman, M. L. The paranormal triangle in analytical supervision. Psychoanalysis and the Psychoanalytic Review, 45: 73-84, 1958.

1960

The CIA launched MK-DELTA, known as "Deep Sleep," a remote mind control program focussed on fine-tuned, electromagnetic subliminal programming. The agency used VHF, HF, and UHF transmissions modulated at ELF to cause fatigue, mood swings and behavior dysfunction in chosen targets.

Drs. Joseph Sharp and Allen Frey experimented with microwaves seeking to transmit spoken words directly into the audio cortex via a pulsed-microwave analog of the speaker's sound vibration. Indeed, Frey's work in this field, dating back to 1960, gave rise to the so called "Frey effect" which is now more commonly referred to as "microwave hearing." Within the Pentagon this ability is now known as "Artificial Telepathy."

Adey and others have compiled an entire library of frequencies and pulsation rates which can effect the mind and nervous system.

1961

In 1961, Allen Frey, working for the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), announced that human beings are capable of hearing microwave broadcasts, in the case of his experiments, what he described as buzzing or knocking sounds.

1962

By the 1960s, many telepathy researchers had become dissatisfied with the forced-choice experiments of J. B. Rhine, partly because of boredom on the part of test participants after many repetitions of monotonous card-guessing, and partly because of the observed "decline effect" where the accuracy of card guessing would decrease over time for a given participant, which some parapsychologists attributed to this boredom.

Some parapsychologists turned to free response experimental formats where the target was not limited to a small finite predetermined set of responses (e.g., Zener cards), but rather could be any sort of picture, drawing, photograph, movie clip, piece of music etc.

As a result of surveys of spontaneous psi experiences which reported that more than half of these occurred in the dreaming state, researchers Montaque Ullman and Stanley Krippner at the Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, undertook a series of experiments to test for telepathy in the dream state.

A "receiver" participant in a soundproof, electronically shielded room would be monitored while sleeping for EEG patterns and rapid eye movements (REMs) indicating dream state. A "sender" in another room would then attempt to send an image, randomly selected from a pool of images, to the receiver by focusing on the image during the detected dream states. Near the end of each REM period, the receiver would be awakened and asked to describe their dream during that period. The researchers claim that the data gathered suggest that sometimes the sent image was incorporated in some way into the content of the receiver's dreams.

Sources:

Ullman, M., Krippner, S., and Feldstein, S. Experimentally-induced telepathic dreams: Two studies using EEG-REM monitoring technique. International Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 2: 420-437, 1966.

Ullman M., and Krippner, S. A laboratory approach to the nocturnal dimension of paranormal experience: Report of a confirmatory study using the REM monitoring tech­nique. Biological psychiatry, 1: 259-270, 1969.

Ullman, M., and Krippner, S. Dream studies and telepathy. Parapsychological Monographs No. 12. New York: Parapsychological Foundation, 1970.

Ullman, M., Krippner, S., and Honorton, C. A review of the Maimonides dream-ESP experiments, 1964-1969. Psychophysiology, 7: 354-355, 1970 (a) (abstract).

Ullman. M.. Krippner, S., and Honorton, C. A review of the Maimonides dream-ESP experiments 1964-1969. Mysterious Worlds (Tel Aviv), 16: 36-37, 1970 (b).

Ullman. M., and Krippner, S., with Vaughan, A. Dream Telepathy. New York: Macmillan, 1973.

1964

In 1964, CIA Director Richard Helms sent a memo to the Warren Commission, mentioning "biological radio communication." Helms' theorising about such methods was truly reminiscent of Orwell's 1984. He said, "Cybernetics [or computer theory] can be used in the moulding of a child's character, the inculcation of knowledge and techniques, the amassing of experience, the establishment of social behaviour patterns -- all functions which can be summarised as control of the growth processes of the individual."

1965

From 1965 through to 1970, the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), with up to 70-80% funding provided by the military, set in motion operation PANDORA to study the health and psychological effects of low intensity microwaves with regard to the so-called "Moscow signal."

This project appears to have been quite extensive and included (under U.S. Navy funding) studies demonstrating how to induce heart seizures, create leaks in the blood/brain barrier and production of auditory hallucinations.

Despite attempts to render the Pandora program invisible to scrutiny, FOIA filings revealed memoranda of Richard Cesaro, Director of DARPA, which confirmed that the program's initial goal was to "discover whether a carefully controlled microwave signal could control the mind." Cesaro urged that these studies be made "for potential weapons applications."

Duane, D. & Behrendt, T. (1965). Extrasensory electroencephalographic induction between identical twins. Science, 150, 367.

1971

A telepathic experiment conducted during the Apollo 14 mission in 1971 proved distance is not a barrier. The experiment was not authorized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), nor was it announced until the mission was completed. Astronaut Edgar D. Mitchell conducted the experiment with four recipients on Earth, 150,000 miles below. Mitchell concentrated on sequences of twenty-five random numbers. He completed 200 sequences. Guessing 40 correctly was the mean chance. Two of the recipients guessed 51 correctly. This far exceeded Mitchell's expectations, but still was only moderately significant.
Ganzfeld experiments have received widespread attention in recent times, and some believe they provide some experimental evidence of telepathy[citation needed]. Such experiments, however, are generally believed to be flawed by the scientific community.[1][2]

Other experiments have been conducted by the biologist Rupert Sheldrake, who claims strong results. These include experiments into:

The 'sense of being stared at', in which the subject guesses whether he/she is being stared at by another person
Whether a subject can tell who is phoning them before picking up the receiver
Whether dogs can tell when their owners are about to return home.

1973

In 1973, Dr. Joseph C. Sharp, at Walter Reed Hospital, while in a soundproof room heard spoken words broadcast by "pulsed microwave audiogram." Broadcast in a range between 300 MHz to 3GHz. Sharp was able to identify words that were broadcast without any form of electronic translation device - by direct transmission to the brain.

L.L. Vasiliev, professor of physiology at the University of Leningrad, described one experiment in remote hypnosis using undefined techniques of radio control:

"As a control of the subject's condition, when she was outside the laboratory in another set of experiments, a radio set was used. The results obtained indicate that the method of using radio signals substantially enhances the experimental possibilities. I.F. Tomaschevsky [a Russian physiologist] carried out the first experiments with this subject at a distance of one or two rooms, and under conditions that the participant would not know or suspect that she would be experimented with. In other cases, the sender was not in the same house, and someone else observed the subject's behaviour. Subsequent experiments at considerable distances were successful. One such experiment was carried out in the park at a distance. Mental suggestions to go to sleep were complied with within a minute."

1974

In 1974, Lawrence Pinneo, a neurophysiologist and electronic engineer working for Stanford Research Institute (a leading military contractor), "developed a computer system capable of reading a person's mind. It correlated brain waves on an electroencephalograph with specific commands."

J.F. Schapitz, working with the Department of Defense in 1974, filed the following research proposal:

"In this investigation it will be shown that the spoken word of the hypnotist may be conveyed by modulated electro-magnetic energy directly into the subconscious parts of the human brain - i.e., without employing any technical devices for receiving or transcoding the messages and without the person exposed to such influence having a chance to control the information input consciously."

Schapitz proposed an experiment wherein a subject would be subconsciously told to leave the laboratory, the command triggered by a word or action from the researcher. As in the tricks played by stage hypnotists, Schapitz was certain that the subject would rationalise the otherwise irrational desire to leave the lab. Records of Schapitz' research, beyond the initial proposal, have never been declassified.

A specific Russian mind control technology was outed by the American Defense News in 1993, termed "acoustic psycho-correction." According to the magazine, "The Russian capability, demonstrated in a series of laboratory experiments dating back to the mid-1970s, could be used to suppress riots, control dissidents, demoralise or disable opposing forces and enhance the performance of friendly special operations teams, sources say.

"Pioneered by the government-funded Department of Psycho-Correction at the Moscow Medical Academy, acoustic psycho-correction involves the transmission of specific commands via static or white noise bands into the human subconscious without upsetting other intellectual functions. Experts said that laboratory demonstrations have shown encouraging results after exposure of less than one minute."

Targ, R. & Puthoff, H.E. (1974). Information transmission under conditions of sensory shielding. Nature 252, 602-607.

1975

A study by A.W. Guy and others, released in 1975 by the DIA, reported on experiments to determine the particulars of the phenomenon of audible electromagnetics, and its relation to such things a pulse power, pulse shape, and frequency. Along with a number of details about the nature of electromagnetic interaction with humans and animals. Guy explained why the microwaves were audible: microscopic thermal expansion of brain tissues. Guy had even experimented with sending Morse code via microwaves.

Also reported on were Soviet capabilities: "Sounds and possibly even words which appear to be originating intercranially can be induced by signal modulations at very low power densities."

Dr. Robert O. Becker, in The Body Electric, commented on the technology: "Such a device has obvious applications in covert operations designed to drive a target crazy with 'voices' or deliver undetected instructions to a programmed assassin."

1976

EDWIN MAY joined the Stanford Research Institute's remote viewing program in 1976. He became head of the program after Hal Puthoff left in 1985. He continued his work as director at SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation) when the research program moved in 1991.

May left SAIC on 11/28/95. He is a frequent contributor to the Journal of Parapsychology, and is currently with the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory of Palo Alto, California, which he founded at SRI.

Puthoff, H. E. & Targ, R. (1976). A perceptual channel for information transfer over kilometer distances: Historical perspective and recent research. Proc. IEEE, 64, 329-354.

1977

Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, the MKULTRA heavyweight, during questioning by Senator Richard Schweicker in 1977 Senate hearings on CIA drug testing responded as follows:

SCHWEIKER: Some of the projects under MKULTRA involved hypnosis, is that correct?
GOTTLIEB: Yes.
SCHWEICKER Did any of these projects involve something called radio hypnotic intracerebral control, which is a combination, as I understand it, in layman's terms, of radio transmissions and hypnosis.
GOTTLIEB: My answer is "No."
SCHWEICKER: None whatsoever?
GOTTLIEB: Well, I am trying to be responsive to the terms you used. As I remember it, there was a current interest, running interest, all the time in what effects people's standing in the field of radio energy have, and it could easily have been that somewhere in many projects, someone was trying to see if you could hypnotise someone easier if he was standing in a radio beam. That would seem like a reasonable piece of research to do.

In 1977 Dr. Sam Koslov, the scientific assistant to the Secretary of the Navy, was briefed on a number of current research projects. One of them, in progress at Stanford Research Institute was named "ELF and Mind Control." ELF is the acronym of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation. Koslov didn't like the sound of that project and ordered it cancelled, but according to the Washington Post, the funding was merely diverted into a different project heading and continued to go forward.

1978

From 1978 to 1988, Skip Atwater was the Operations and Training Officer for the once highly classified US Army Intelligence remote viewing surveillance program, and played an important role in the program’s founding. Working closely with the personnel in the SRI International remote viewing research program, he trained professional intelligence personnel to remote view, then used these highly skilled psychic spies to conduct thousands of remote viewing intelligence collection missions for a variety of US intelligence agencies. For ten years Skip worked directly with the cadre of remote viewers, helping to hone their skills.

Since his military retirement in 1988, Skip has been the Research Director at The Monroe Institute, a world renowned nonprofit organization conducting research and offering educational programs supporting the evolution of consciousness. He has published technical research on methods for expanding consciousness, and assisted hundreds of individuals in experiencing and exploring altered states of consciousness. is a director on the board of the International Remote Viewing Association.

1981

Scientist Eldon Byrd, who worked for the Naval Surface Weapons Office, was commissioned in 1981 to develop electromagnetic devices for purposes including riot control, clandestine operations and hostage removal.

1983

Major Edward Dames claims he was the operations and training officer for the Army's (INSCOM) and DIA's remote-viewing program starting around late 1983 under CENTER LANE. "Dames took a 'let's see what this baby can do' approach, replacing the unit's former intelligence collection methodology with the breakthrough technique.

He left the remote-viewing unit in late summer, 1988.

Dames was a long-serving member of the highly classified operation GRILL-FLAME, a program that focused on some of the more bizarre possibilities of intelligence gathering and remote interrogation. Known as "remote viewers," GRILL-FLAME personnel possessed a marked psychic ability that was put to use "penetrating" designated targets and gathering important intelligence on significant figures.

The program operated with two teams: one working out of the top secret NSA facility at Fort George Meade in Maryland, and the other at Stanford Research Institute. Results are said to have been exemplary.

1989

Following the Oliver North debacle, the Secretary of Defense officially terminated GRILL-FLAME, fearing bad publicity if the program were to become known to the public. The leading members of the project -- including Dames -- immediately relocated to the privately owned and newly formed Psi-Tech, in Beverly Hills, CA.

They continue their work to this day, operating under government contract. In the course of his work, Dames was (and remains) close to many the leading figures and proponents of anti-personnel electromagnetic weapons, especially those that operate in the neurological field.

During NBC's "The Other Side" program, Dames stated that "The U.S. Government has an electronic device which could implant thoughts in people." He refused to comment further. The program was broadcast during April 1995.

Radin & Nelson, 1989;

Radin, D. I. & Nelson, R. D. (1989). Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies in random physical systems. Found. Phys. 19(12), 1499-1514.

March 1991

The March 23, 1991 ITV newsbrief "High-Tech Psychological Warfare Arrives in the Middle East"describes a US PsychologicalOperations (PsyOps) tactic directed against Iraqi troops in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm. The manoeuvre consisted of a system in which subliminal mind-altering technology was carried on standard radio frequency broadcasts.

The March 26, 1991 newsbrief states that among the standard military planning groups in the centre of US war planning operations at Riyadh was "an unbelievable and highly classified PsyOps program utilising 'silent sound'techniques."

The opportunity to use this method occurred when Saddam Hussein's military command-and-control system was destroyed. The Iraqi troops were then forced to use commercial FM radio stations to carry encoded commands, which were broadcast on the 100 MHz frequency. The US PsyOps team set up its own portable FM transmitter, utilising the same frequency, in the deserted city of Al Khafji. This US transmitter overpowered the local Iraqi station. Along with patriotic and religious music, PsyOps transmitted "vague, confusing and contradictory military orders and information."

Subliminally, a much more powerful technology was at work: a sophisticated electronic system to 'speak' directly to the mind of the listener, to alter and entrain his brainwaves, to manipulate his brain's electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns and artificially implant negative emotional states -- feelings of fear, anxiety, despair and hopelessness. This subliminal system doesn't just tell a person to feel an emotion, it makes them feel it; it implants that emotion in their minds."

The mind-altering mechanism is based on a subliminal carrier technology: the Silent Sound Spread Spectrum (SSSS), sometimes called "S-quad" or "Squad." It was developed by Dr Oliver Lowery of Norcross, Georgia, and is described in US Patent #5,159,703 "Silent Subliminal Presentation System" dated October 27, 1992.

According to literature by Silent Sounds, Inc., it is now possible, using supercomputers, to analyse human emotional EEG patterns and replicate them, then store these "emotion signature clusters" on another computer and, at will, "silently induce and change the emotional state in a human being."

1992

According to Tactical Technology magazine, "While visiting Russia in November 1991, [Janet] Morris and other members of a team sent to investigate Russian technologies for commercial development were invited to a demonstration of a mind control technology.

A volunteer from the U.S. team sat down in front of a computer screen as innocuous words flashed across the screen. The volunteer was only required to tell which words he liked and which words he disliked. At the end of the demonstration the Russian staff started revealing the sensitive, innermost thoughts of the volunteer - none of which had been previously discussed.

The recorded message was mixed with what appeared to be white noise or static, so when played back it became indecipherable. Since there were no more volunteers in the U.S. group, the Russians volunteered to go upstairs and let the Americans choose a mental patient for a demonstration.

The Americans declined the offer.

"The Russians told Morris of a demonstration in which a group of workers were outside the hospital working on the grounds. The staff sent an acoustic psycho-correction message via their machine to the workers telling them to put down their tools, knock on the door of the hospital and ask if there was anything else they could do. The workers did exactly that, the Russians said.

"The Russians admitted to using this technology for special operations teams selection and performance enhancement and to aid their Olympic athletes and an Antarctic exploration team. Unlike lie detectors, this machine can determine when the truth is spoken, according to Morris.

"Being an infrasound, very low frequency-type transmission, the acoustic psycho-correction message is transmitted via bone conduction. This means that earplugs will not restrict the message. An entire body protection system would be required to stop reception. The message, according to the Russians, bypasses the conscious level and is acted on almost immediately. The Russians say that the messages are acted upon with exposure times of under one minute.

"Morris envisions this technology will be miniaturised into a hand-held device. Presently, the International Healthline Corp. of Richmond, Va., is planning to bring a Russian team of specialists to the U.S. in the near future to further demonstrate the capability. International Healthline is a private corporation that is exploring Russian medical technologies for import to the U.S."

1993

The Oct-Nov. 1994 NEXUS magazine reported: "Directed-energy weapons currently being deployed include, for example, a microwave weapon manufactured by Lockheed-Sanders and used for a process known as 'Voice Synthesis' which is remote beaming of audio (i.e., voices or other audible signals) directly into the brain of any selected human target. This process is also known within the U.S. Government as "Synthetic Telepathy." This psychotronic weapon was demonstrated by Dr. Dave Morgan at the November, 1993 Non-Lethal weapons conference."

1994

Grinberg-Zylberbaum et al, 1994;
Grinberg-Zylberbaum, J., Dalaflor, D., Attie, L. & Goswami, A. (1994). The Einstein- Podolsky-Rosen paradox in the brain: The transferred potential. Physics Essays, 7, 422.

1996

In July 1996, the Spotlight, a widely circulated right-wing U.S. newspaper, reported that well-placed DoD sources have confirmed a classified Pentagon contract for the development of "high-power electromagnetic generators that interfere with human brain waves."

The article cited the memorandum of understanding dated 1994 between Attorney General Janet Reno, and Defense Secretary William Perry for transfer of LTL weapons to the law enforcement sector. A budget of under $50 million has been made available for funding associated "black" programs.

Dr. Emery Horvath, a professor of physics at Harvard University, has stated in connection to the generator that interferes with human brain waves that "These electronic 'skull-zappers' are designed to invade the mind and short circuit its synapses . . . in the hands of government technicians, it may be used to disorient entire crowds, or to manipulate individuals into self destructive acts. It's a terrifying weapon."

1997

Bierman, D.J. & Radin, D. I. (1997). Anomalous anticipatory response on randomized future conditions. Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, 689-690.

1999

Bruce, R.: Astral Dynamics: A NEW Approach to Out-of-Body Experience. Hampton Roads, 1999. For a discussion of astral projection and metaspace this is essential reading.

2000

Gao, 2000;

Gao Shan (2000). Quantum Motion and Superluminal Communication. Beijing: Chinese BT Publishing House.

Gao Shan (2001). From quantum motion to classical motion-seeking the lost reality. Physics Essays, 14(1), 37-48.

Gao Shan (2003). Quantum. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.

Gao Shan (2004). Quantum collapse, consciousness and superluminal communication.
Found. Phys. Lett, 17(2), 167-182.

2003

Wackermann et al, 2003.

Wackermann, J., Seiter, C., Keibel, H. & Walach, H. (2003). Correlations between brain electrical activities of two spatially separated human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 336, 60-64.

Saturday, June 10, 2006

History of Telepathy: Chronology to 1950


Although over the centuries various theories have been advanced to describe the functioning of telepathy, none seem to be adequate. Telepathy, like other psychic phenomena, transcends time and space.

2000 B.C.

In the oldest dream book extant, the Egyptian papyrus of Deral-Madineh dating back to 2000 B.C., there are examples of divine revelation. The Egyptians practiced dream incubation, i.e., sleeping in temples in a deliberate effort to induce divinely inspired dreams which would supply answers concerning the state of health and the future of the dreamer. Oracular dreams even affected affairs of state.

R.K. Woods (The World of Dreams, 1947) notes that the Egyptians tried to communicate with others through their dreams, believing that homeless spirits carried the message. This suggests that there was some familiarity with the idea of telepathic communication

One well-known dream, possibly suggestive of telepathic influence, is the dream of Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 2:1-35). The king awoke one morning and was unable to remember a dream he felt was oracular in nature. His dream interpreters were frustrated. When Daniel was consulted, he turned to God in prayer, and Nebuchadnezzar's dream was revealed to him in a night vision. He then related the dream to Nebuchadnezzar, who recognized it as his own.

1500 - 1000 B.C.

In ancient Vedic literature (1500-1000 B.C.) dreaming is seen as an intermediate state of the soul between this world and the other. In the sleeping state the soul leaves the body in "breath's protection" and roams in space, where it sees both this world and the other.

This belief, which seemingly gives credence to telepathy, was introduced in Greece as early as 500 B.C. and is well-known in European folklore. The Greeks, however, were more inclined to the tradition of the divine message dream, a tradition favored by their Eastern neighbors. They distinguished between oracular dreams without symbolism and symbolic ones whose divine message had to be unraveled by professional interpreters.

Sources:

Dodds, F. R. The Greeks and the Irrational. London: Beacon Press, 1957.
Tylor, E. B. Primitive Culture. London: John Murray, 1871
Van de Castle, R. The Psychology of Dreaming. Morristown, New Jersey: General Learn­ing Press. 1971)

460 - 370 B.C.

The ancient Greek philosopher Democritus put forth the wave and corpuscle theories to explain telepathy. This began what may be called the naturalization of the supernatural dream.

Democritus (460-370 B.C.) is credited with the first physical theory of dream telepathy (Dodds, F. R. The Greeks and the Irrational. London: Beacon Press, 1957.)

His view of telepathy is derived from the thesis that everything, including the soul, is made up of innumerable, indivisible, minute particles called atoms. These atoms con­stantly emit images of themselves, which in turn are composed of still other atoms.

He postulated that the images projected by living beings, when emotionally charged, could be transmitted to a dreamer (percipient). When the images reached their destination, they were believed to enter the body through the pores. Images emitted by people in an excited state were especially vivid and likely to reach the dreamer in an intact and undistorted form because of the frequency of emission and the speed of transmission.

The importance he assigned to the emotional state of the agent or sender is certainly in keeping with both present-day anecdotal and experimental findings.

384 - 322 B.C.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) rejected the notion of a divine origin of dreams. In his essay "On Divination In Sleep" (Woods, 1947) he discussed veridical dreams and took issue with Democritus' atomist thesis.

The topic of his essay is pre­cognitive dreams, but his theory appears to be primarily applicable to instances of telepathy. He compared what happens in telepathic transmission with the ripple effect created by a stone thrown into water. Waves are propagated through the air of the night and "nothing hinders but a certain motion and sense may arrive to souls that dream ...." There are motions during the day­time as well, but the night is more tranquil so that the motions are not so easily dissolved. Besides, "those that are asleep have a greater perception of small inward motions than those that are awake."

Aristotle and Democritus thus made the paranormal dream an object of scientific inquiry and postulated a physical carrier for the information.

1819

H.M. Weserman (1819) is credited with the first published report on experiments with telepathically induced dreams. Serving as agent himself, he attempted to project his "animal magnetism" into the dreams of friends who later reported their dreams to him. Weserman claimed to have been successful on five occasions.

His ideas did not arouse sufficient interest to spur further efforts by contemporary investigators.

Source: Weserman, H. M. Versuche willkürlicher Traumbildung. Archives f. d. Tierischen Magnetismus. 6: 135-142, 1819.

There are scattered references to paranormal dreams in many later sources, notably in the writings of the German physician C. G. Carus (Meier, 1972).

1850s

Alfred Russel Wallace was the autodidactic insect collector who spent eight years in the Malay Archipeligo in the 1850s collecting 125,660 species of insects. In 1858, while in Borneo, he sent a letter to Charles Darwin conjecturing about the origin of differences among related species of insects and generalizing these conjectures to other animals. ["Connections" by James Burke, Scientific American (January 1998):113.] Darwin immediately published his own theory as The Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859).

Alfred Russel Wallace was also a leading spiritualist who believed in contacting other souls through the spirit medium.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace

At the same time, Oliver Lodge, physics professor at Oxford was "particularly interested in thought transference." He was also responsible for creating a device that would permit the continuous transmission of electromagnetic waves (a small iron tube filled with iron filings).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Joseph_Lodge

This "paved the way" for Reginald Aubrey Fessenden who "succeeded in sending out continuous radio waves" (as opposed to the intermittent signals of Marconi's radio); these radio waves "were capable of carrying voice messages."

1874

The eminent British chemist and physicist Sir William Crookes, thought telepathy rode on radio- like brain waves: "It is known that the action of thought is accompanied by certain molecular movements in the brain, and here we have physical vibrations capable from their extreme minuteness of acting direct on individual molecules, while their rapidity approaches that of the internal and external movements of the atoms themselves."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes

1875

Mark Twain experienced telepathic communication with a friend, William H. Wright.

1882

"Telepathy" is derived from the Greek terms tele ("distant") and pathe ("occurrence" or "feeling"). The term was coined in 1882 by the French psychical researcher Fredric W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). It first appears in his article in the Proceedings of the Society of Psychical Research I, 2:147. Myers thought his term described the phenomenon better than previously used terms such as the French "communication de pensees," "thought-transference," and "thought-reading."

Research interest in telepathy had its beginning in mesmerism. The magnetists discovered that telepathy was among the so-called "higher-phenomena" observed in magnetized subjects, who read the thoughts of the magnetists and carried out the unspoken instructions.Soon other psychologists and psychiatrists were observing the same phenomena in their patients.

Sigmund Freud noticed it so often that he soon had to address it. He termed it a regressive, primitive faculty that was lost in the course of evolution, but which still had the ability to manifest itself under certain conditions.

Psychiatrist Carl G. Jung thought it more important. He considered it a function of synchronicity (1). Psychologist and philosopher William James was very enthusiastic toward telepathy and encouraged more research be put into it.

1885

When the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) was founded in 1885, after the SPR in 1884, telepathy became the first psychic phenomenon to be studied scientifically. The first testing was simple. A sender in one room would try to transmit a two-digit number, a taste, or a visual image to a receiver in another room.

The French physiologist Charles Richet introduced mathematical chance to the tests, and also discovered that telepathy occurred independent of hypnotism.

In August, 1885, Sigmund Freud began to study hypnotism under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpetriere hospital in Paris.

1886

The three of the founders of the Society for Psychical Research, E. Gurney, F. W. H. Myers, and F. Podmore, published the apex of their early investigations in 1886 as the two-volume work Phantasms of the Living. It was with this work that the term "telepathy" was introduced, replacing the earlier term "thought transference".

Among the 1300 pages of case histories, the book contains 149 cases of dream telepathy. Myers defined the term telepathy as "the extrasensory communication of impressions of any kind from one mind to another."

The founders of the SPR faced the formidable task of defining and classifying a wide range of unexplainable phenomena and setting standards for observation and reporting. Although much of the initial investigations consisted largely of gathering anecdotal accounts with follow-up investigations, they also conducted experiments with some of those who claimed telepathic abilities.

These men were astute investigators and were very exacting in their search for evidentiality. In the 1880s, however, less was known about the vicissitudes of memory and dream processes than today, so that not all the material they collected would meet modern evidential standards.

1894

Henry Drummond in his book, The Lowell Lectures on the Ascent of Man (1894) wrote, "Telepathy is theoretically the next stage in the evolution of language."

1895

G. B. Ermacora (1895), an Italian psychiatrist, attempted to induce telepathic dreams in a rather strange experimental arrangement. His star subject was a medium in Padua, Signorina Maria Manzini, who had a trance control called Elvira. When Signorina Manzini went into a trance, Dr. Ermacora would suggest to Elvira the specific topic of a dream she was to induce telepathically in Angelina, Maria's four-year-old cousin. The latter would then relate her dream in the morning to the medium, who, in turn, informed Dr. Ermacora. There were, indeed, striking correspondences, but judged by modern standards, the experiments were seriously lacking in precautions against sensory leakage. They remain only of historical interest.

1908

In March 1908, Sigmund Freud described three cases that might seem to have indicated thought transference at a meeting of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Society, but he still excluded the possibility of telepathy. Then he met Jung, and was profoundly shaken by some apparently paranormal events, which Jung himself provoked.

1910

Freud began to make some half-hearted inquiries about telepathy in the company of his friend, the occultist Sandor Ferenczi. They visited a Frau Seidler in Berlin, who claimed to be able to read letters blindfolded. She correctly guessed that a letter she was given came from Vienna; but Freud later realized the place of origin was written on the envelope.

1911

Sigmund Freud joined the Society for Psychic Research, and five years later became a member of the American society.

1914

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle gave up writing the Sherlock Holmes series in 1914 in order to assume his duties as one of the leaders of the Society for Psychic Research, in which Wallace, Lodge, and Myers had so much influence.

1917

Interest in telepathy increased following World War I as thousands of bereaved turned toward Spiritualism attempting to communicate with their dead loved ones. The telepathic parlor game called "willing" became popular. Mass telepathic experiments were undertaken in the United States and Britain.

In 1917, psychologist John E. Coover from Stanford University conducted a series of telepathy tests involving transmitting/guessing playing cards. His participants were able to guess the identity of cards with overall odds against chance of 160 to 1; however, Coover did not consider the results to be significant enough to report this as a positive result.

1920

Wilhelm Stekel, a formal associate of Freud, published his book The Telepathic Dream. Stekel included discussion of the astral plane, Odic force, Yoga, and the Cabala. He became interested in telepathic dreams after he himself had undergone an hallucination. He had been lying in bed very ill when a voice suddenly spoke to him: "In two weeks you will die! Use the time well!" The prediction was not fulfilled, but the incident aroused Stekel’s interest in psychical research. It turned him from a position of pure materialism to a wholehearted acceptance of telepathy.

Source: Stekel, W. (1921). Der Telepatische Traum. Berlin: JohannesBaum Verlag.

1921

In September 1921, Sigmund Freud delivered a paper on "Psycho-analysis and Telepathy" to a small circle of his closest associates in the Harz Mountains. He warned against occultism.

1922

Freud argued that even if Stekel’s thesis had been adequately proved, it would not affect his theory that a dream was a wish fulfillment. Even supposedly telepathic dreams must be subject to analysis like any other. Freud denied belief in "telepathy in the occult sense" but he referred to "the incontestable fact that sleep creates favorable conditions for telepathy."
Source: Freud, S. Dreams and telepathy. Imago, 8: 1-22, 1922.

1925

Freud, his daughter Anna Freud, and Sandor Ferenczi took part in apparently convincing experiments in thought transference. At the same time, Freud sent out a circular in which he declared how impressed he was with certain telepathic experiments published in the SPR Proceedings. On 15 March 1925, he wrote that "the matter is becoming urgent for us." In correspondence with Ernest Jones, Freud admitted his complete "conversion" but advised him to say that this matter was Freud’s own private affair.

Source: Freud. S. The occult significance of dreams. Imago, 9: 234-238, 1925.

1926

Source: Deutsch, H. Occult processes occurring during psychoanalysis. Imago, 12; 418-433, 1926.

1927

Perhaps the most well-known telepathy experiments were those of J. B. Rhine and his associates at Duke University, beginning in the 1927 using the distinctive ESP Cards of Karl Zener (see also Zener Cards). These involved more rigorous and systematic experimental protocols than those from the 19th century, used what were assumed to be 'average' participants rather than those who claimed exceptional ability, and used new developments in the field of statistics to evaluate results. Results of these and other experiments were published by Rhine in his popular book Extra Sensory Perception, which popularized the term "ESP".

1930

Another influential book about telepathy in its day was Mental Radio, published in 1930 by the Pulitzer prize-winning author Upton Sinclair (with foreword by Albert Einstein). In it Sinclair describes the apparent ability of his wife at times to reproduce sketches made by himself and others, even when separated by several miles, in apparently informal experiments that are reminiscent of some of those to be used by remote viewing researchers in later times. They note in their book that the results could also be explained by more general clairvoyance, and they did some experiments whose results suggested that in fact no sender was necessary, and some drawings could be reproduced precognitively.

During his 1930 ESP experiments J. B. Rhine also made some discoveries concerning telepathy: It was often difficult to determine whether information was communicated through telepathy, clairvoyance, or precognitive clairvoyance. He concluded that telepathy and clairvoyance were the same psychic function manifested in different ways. Also, telepathy is not affected by distance or obstacles between the sender and receiver.

1933

In an essay of 1933, Freud maintained a belief in telepathy, while qualifying some of his earlier statements; and he came to see psychoanalysis as paving the way for an explanation of the phenomenon on purely physical grounds. He thought that telepathy might be a vestigial remnant of an earlier method of communication which had been replaced by speech.

Sources:

Freud, S. New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis. New York: W. W. Norton, 1933.
Freud, S. Dreams and the occult. In New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press, 1934.
Freud, "Dreams and Occultism," in the Standard Edition, vol. XXII (London, 1964), pp. 31 ff.

1935

Schilder, P. Psychopathology of everyday telepathic phenomena. Imago, 20: 219-224, 1934.

1938

Sources:

Saut, L. Telepathic sensitiveness as a neurotic symptom. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 7: 329-335,1938­

Warcollier, R. (1938). Experiments in Telepathy. New York: Harper and Brothers.

1940s

Sources:

Freud, S. Psychoanalysis and telepathy. Schriften Aus dem Nachlass, Gesammelte Werke, Vol. 17. London: Imago Publishing Co., 1941, pp. 25-40­

Foster, A. A. ESP tests with American Indian children. Journal of Parapsychology, 7: 94­103, 1943.

Eisenbud, J. Telepathy and the problems of psychoanalysis. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 15: 32-87, 1946.

Eisenbud, J. The dreams of two patients in analysis interpreted as a telepathic rêvê à deux. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 16: 39-60, 1947.

Fodor, N. Telepathy in analysis. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 21: 171-189, 1947.

Pedersen-Krag, G. Telepathy and repression. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 16: 61-82, 1947.
Ehrenwald, J. Telepathy and Medical Psychology. New York: W. W. Norton, 1948.

Meerloo, J. A. M. Telepathy as a form of archaic communication. Psychiatric Quarterly, 23: 691-704, 1949.

Tuesday, June 06, 2006

Telepathy and the technology of mind control


A "profane" or materialistic view of telepathy became commonplace after World War II. Just as new mathematical models and theories of physics had been brought to bear on development of the atomic bomb, so too new tools were brought to bear on the human mind.

Just as Cold War scientists raced to design rocket engines and missile technologies that would give their country superiority on the nuclear battlefield, so too did scientists rush to develop ever more complex and thorough models of the human brain. They literally began to see the brain as a mental battlefield.

Implicit within this Cold War race to acquire brain "technology" was the crude assumption that the human mind could be mechanically "modelled" or understood as an artificial construct. The brain began to be viewed as a complex "thinking machine" or computer that could be analyzed, broken into component parts, and back-engineered.

Within this context, telepathy began to be seen as an exotic form of mental radio transmission, only one of many communication functions performed by the mental machine. Communication per se was nothing new. But technicians became fascinated by the potential to communicate silently and covertly, at a distance. Likewise, telepathy seemed to offer a powerful means to distract and confuse the enemy, to program assassins, or to forcibly extract secret information from an enemy's mind.

Put bluntly, the Pentagon began to see telepathy as a powerful multi-task weapon. The rush to develop "artificial telepathy" became a top-priority weapons program within the overall race for total mind control. Artificial telepathy cannot be fully understood outside this military context or the historical context of the Cold War. The research and development really did begin as a Cold War weapons program.

The paragraphs below give a brief summary of the history of mind control research during the past 50 years.

Some of the amazing technologies developed during this time may be found at the website below: http://www.nwbotanicals.org/oak/newphysics/synthtele/synthtele.html

We will examine some of the specific telepathy programs, and the scientists behind them, in future posts.

-- M

The following article combines material from several sources, listed under Footnotes. The majority of information appeared in David Guyatt's synopsis of the history and development of mind control weapons, first presented at an ICRC symposium on"The Medical Profession and the Effects of Weapons"

First Electromagnetic Beam Weapons

The background to the development of anti-personnel electromagnetic weapons can be traced to the early-middle 1940's and possibly earlier.

Japanese "Death Ray"

The earliest extant reference, to my knowledge, was contained in the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific Survey, Military Analysis Division, Volume 63) which reviewed Japanese research and development efforts on a "Death Ray."Whilst not reaching the stage of practical application, research was considered sufficiently promising to warrant the expenditure of Yen 2 million during the years 1940-1945.

Summarizing the Japanese efforts, allied scientists concluded that a ray apparatus might be developed that could kill unshielded human beings at a distance of 5 to 10 miles. Studies demonstrated that, for example, automobile engines could be stopped by tuned waves as early as 1943. (1)

It is therefore reasonable to suppose that this technique has been available for a great many years

Nazi Experiments in Mind Manipulation

[E]xperiments in behavior modification and mind manipulation have a much more grisly past. Nazi doctors at the Dachau concentration camp conducted involuntary experiments with hypnosis and narco-hypnosis, using the drug mescaline on inmates. Additional research was conducted at Aushwitz, using a range of chemicals including various barbiturates and morphine derivatives. Many of these experiments proved fatal.

Project CHATTER

Following the conclusion of the war, the U.S. Naval Technical Mission was tasked with obtaining pertinent industrial and scientific material that had been produced by the Third Reich and which may be of benefit to U.S. interests. Following a lengthy report, the Navy instigated Project CHATTER in 1947.

Project PAPERCLIP

Many of the Nazi scientists and medical doctors who conducted hideous experiments were later recruited by the U.S. Army and worked out of Heidelberg prior to being secretly relocated to the United States under the Project PAPERCLIP program. Under the leadership of Dr. Hubertus Strughold, 34 ex-Nazi scientists accepted "Paperclip" contracts, authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and were put to work at Randolph Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.

Project Moonstruck, 1952, CIA:

Electronic implants in brain and teeth
Targeting: Long range Implanted during surgery or surreptitiously during abduction
Frequency range: HF - ELF transceiver implants
Purpose: Tracking, mind and behavior control, conditioning, programming, covert operations
Functional Basis: Electronic Stimulation of the Brain, E.S.B.

First Narco-Hypnosis Programs

By 1953 the CIA, U.S. Navy and the U.S. Army Chemical Corps were conducting their own narco-hypnosis programs on unwilling victims that included prisoners, mental patients, foreigners, ethic minorities and those classified as sexual deviants. (2)
[2) For a fuller account of the Nazi experiments refer to Resonance No 29 November 1995, published by the Bioelectromagnetic Special Interest Group of American Mensa Ltd., and drawn from a series of articles published by the Napa Sentinel, 1991 by Harry Martin and David Caul.]

Project MK-ULTRA, 1953, CIA:

Drugs, electronics and electroshock
Targeting: Short rangeFrequencies: VHF HF UHF modulated at ELFTransmission and Reception: Local production
Purpose: Programming behavior, creation of "cyborg" mentalities
Effects: narcoleptic trance, programming by suggestion
Subprojects: Many.
Pseudonym: Project Artichoke
Functional Basis: Electronic Dissolution of Memory, E.D.O.M.

Project Orion, 1958, U.S.A.F:

Drugs, hypnosis, and ESB
Targeting: Short range, in person
Frequencies: ELF Modulation
Transmission, and Reception: Radar, microwaves, modulated at ELF frequencies
Purpose: Top security personnel debreifing, programming, insure security and loyalty
Pseudonym: "Dreamland"

MK-DELTA, 1960, CIA:

Fine-tuned electromagnetic subliminal programming
Targeting: Long Range
Frequencies: VHF HF UHF Modulated at ELF
Transmission and Reception: Television antennae, radio antennae, power lines, mattress spring coils, modulation on 60 Hz wiring.
Purpose: programming behavior and attitudes in general population
Effects: fatigue, mood swings, behavior dysfunction and social criminality, mood swings
Pseudonym: "Deep Sleep", R.H.I.C.

MKULTRA

It was not until the middle or late 1970's that the American public became aware of a series of hitherto secret programs that had been conducted over the preceding two decades by the military and intelligence community. (3) Primarily focusing on narco-hypnosis, these extensive covert programs bore the project titles MKULTRA, MKDELTA, MKNAOMI, MKSEARCH (MK being understood to stand for Mind Kontrol), BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE and CHATTER.

The principal aim of these and associated programs was the development of a reliable "programmable" assassin. Secondary aims were the development of a method of citizen control. (4)

Dr. Jose Delgado

Particularly relevant was Dr. Jose Delgado's secret work directed towards the creation of a "psycho-civilized" society by use of a "stimoceiver." (5)

Delgado's work was seminal, and his experiments on humans and animals demonstrated that electronic stimulation can excite extreme emotions including rage, lust and fatigue. In his paper "Intracerebral Radio Stimulation and recording in Completely Free Patients," Delgado observed that: "Radio Stimulation on different points in the amygdala and hippocampus in the four patients produced a variety of effects, including pleasant sensations, elation, deep thoughtful concentration, odd feelings, super relaxation (an essential precursor for deep hypnosis), colored visions, and other responses."With regard to the "colored visions" citation, it is reasonable to conclude he was referring to hallucinations -- an effect that a number of so-called "victims" allude to. (7) .

Dr. John C. Lilly

Also of interest is Dr. John C. Lilly (10), who was asked by the Director of the National Institute of Mental Health to brief the CIA, FBI, NSA and military intelligence services on his work using electrodes to stimulate, directly, the pleasure and pain centers of the brain. Lilly said that he refused the request. However, as stated in his book, he continued to do "useful" work for the national security apparatus. In terms of timing this is interesting, for these events took place in 1953.

First use of computers to communicate with the brain

As far back as 1969, Delgado predicted the day would soon arrive when a computer would be able to establish two-way radio communication with the brain -- an event that first occurred in 1974.

Lawrence Pinneo, a neurophysiologist and electronic engineer working for Stanford Research Institute (a leading military contractor), "developed a computer system capable of reading a person's mind. It correlated brain waves on an electroencephalograph with specific commands. Twenty years ago the computer responded with a dot on a TV screen. Nowadays it could be the input to a stimulator (ESB) in advanced stages using radio frequencies." (8)

Drs. Sharp and Frey develop "Microwave Hearing"

Drs. Joseph Sharp and Allen Frey experimented with microwaves seeking to transmit spoken words directly into the audio cortex via a pulsed-microwave analog of the speaker's sound vibration. Indeed, Frey's work in this field, dating back to 1960, gave rise to the so called "Frey effect" which is now more commonly referred to as "microwave hearing." (19) Within the Pentagon this ability is now known as "Artificial Telepathy." (20)

[Footnote 20) Refer to Dr. Robert Becker who has stated "Such a device has obvious applications in covert operations designed to drive a target crazy with "voices" or deliver undetected instructions to a programmed assassin."

Dr. Ross Adey experiments with EM control of emotional states

In his pioneering work, Dr. Ross Adey determined that emotional states and behavior can be remotely influenced merely by placing a subject in an electromagnetic field. By directing a carrier frequency to stimulate the brain and using amplitude modulation to shape the wave to mimic a desired EEG frequency, he was able to impose a 4.5 CPS theta rhythm on his subjects.
Adey and others have compiled an entire library of frequencies and pulsation rates which can affect the mind and nervous system. (21)

Adey induces calcium efflux in brain tissue with low power level fields (a basis for the CIA and military's "confusion weaponry") and has done behavioral experiments with radar modulated at electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythms. He is understandably concerned about environmental exposures within 1 to 30 Hz (cycles per second), either as a low frequency or an amplitude modulation on a microwave or radio frequency, as these can physiologically interact with the brain even at very low power densities.

Dr. Ewen Cameron's experiments in mental programming

Additional studies, conducted by Dr. Ewen Cameron and funded by the CIA, were directed towards erasing memory and imposing new personalities on unwilling patients. Cameron discovered that electroshock treatment caused amnesia. He set about a program that he called "de-patterning" which had the effect of erasing the memory of selected patients. Further work revealed that subjects could be transformed into a virtual blank machine (Tabula Rasa) and then be re-programmed with a technique which he termed "psychic driving." Such was the bitter public outrage, once his work was revealed (as a result of FOIA searches), that Cameron was forced to retire in disgrace.

Operation PANDORA

From 1965 through to 1970, Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), with up to 70-80% funding provided by the military, set in motion operation PANDORA to study the health and psychological effects of low intensity microwaves with regard to the so-called "Moscow signal" registered at the American Embassy in Moscow.

Initially, there was confusion over whether the signal was an attempt to activate bugging devices or for some other purpose. There was suspicion that the microwave irradiation was being used as a mind control system.

CIA agents asked scientists involved in microwave research whether microwaves beamed at humans from a distance could affect the brain and alter behavior.

Dr. Milton Zarat who undertook to analyze Soviet literature on microwaves for the CIA, wrote: "For non-thermal irradiations, they believe that the electromagnetic field induced by the microwave environment affects the cell membrane, and this results in an increase of excitability or an increase in the level of excitation of nerve cells. With repeated or continued exposure, the increased excitability leads to a state of exhaustion of the cells of the cerebral cortex."

This project appears to have been quite extensive and included (under U.S. Navy funding) studies demonstrating how to induce heart seizures, create leaks in the blood/brain barrier and production of auditory hallucinations.

Despite attempts to render the Pandora program invisible to scrutiny, FOIA filings revealed memoranda of Richard Cesaro, Director of DARPA, which confirmed that the program's initial goal was to "discover whether a carefully controlled microwave signal could control the mind." Cesaro urged that these studies be made "for potential weapons applications." (12)

EM Mind Control Research Goes Black

Following immense public outcry, Congress forbade further research and demanded that these projects be terminated across the board. But as former CIA agent Victor Marchetti later revealed, the programs merely became more covert with a high element of "deniability" built in to them, and that CIA claims to the contrary are a cover story. (13)

Despite the fact that many of the aforementioned projects revolved around the use of narcotics and hallucinogens, projects ARTICHOKE, PANDORA and CHATTER clearly demonstrate that "psychoelectronics" were a high priority.

Indeed, author John Marks' anonymous informant (known humorously as "Deep Trance") stated that beginning in 1963 mind control research strongly emphasized electronics.

1974: Dr. J.F. Scapitz experiments with remote hypnosis

In 1974, Dr. J. F. Scapitz filed a plan to explore the interaction of radio signals and hypnosis. He stated that "In this investigation it will be shown that the spoken word of the hypnotists may be conveyed by modulate electromagnetic energy directly into the subconscious parts of the human brain -- i.e. without employing any technical devices for receiving or transcoding the messages and without the person exposed to such influence having a chance to control the information input consciously."

Schapitz' work was funded by the DoD. Despite FOIA filings, his work has never been made available. Also it is interesting to note the date of 1974, which almost exactly mirror's the period when the USSR commenced its own program that resulted in "Acoustic Psycho-correction technology."]

1976: Soviets use ELF transmissions as mind-control weapon

On July 4, 1976 seven giant transmitters in the Ukraine, powered by the Chernobyl nuclear facility, pumped a 100 megawatt radio frequency at the West, which contained a 10 Hz ELF mind control frequency. According to a US scientist, Dr Andrija Puharich, MD, the soviet pulses covered the human brain frequencies. With a Dr Bob Beck, he proved that the Soviet transmissions were a weapon. He found that a 6.65 Hz frequency would cause depression and an 11Hz frequency would cause manic and riotous behaviour. Transmissions could indeed entrain the human brain, and thereby induce behavioural modification such that populations can be mind controlled en masse by ELF transmissions. More importantly, he found that an ELF signal could cause cancer at the flick of a switch. It did this by modifying the function of RNA transference's so that amino acid sequences are scrambled and produce unnatural proteins.
As further reading, I recommend "Mind Control World Control! By Jim Keith.

1981: Eldon Byrd develops EM devices for riot control

Scientist Eldon Byrd, who worked for the Naval Surface Weapons Office, was commissioned in 1981 to develop electromagnetic devices for purposes including riot control, clandestine operations and hostage removal. (11)

In the context of a controversy over reproductive hazards to Video Display Terminal (VDT) operators, he wrote of alterations in brain function of animals exposed to low intensity fields. Offspring of exposed animals "exhibited a drastic degradation of intelligence later in life... couldn't learn easy tasks... indicating a very definite and irreversible damage to the central nervous system of the fetus." With VDT operators exposed to weak fields, there have been clusters of miscarriages and birth defects (with evidence of central nervous system damage to the fetus). Byrd also wrote of experiments where behavior of animals was controlled by exposure to weak electromagnetic fields. "At a certain frequency and power intensity, they could make the animal purr, lay down and roll over."

Low-frequency sleep induction

From 1980 to 1983 [. . . ] Eldon Byrd ran the Marine Corps Nonlethal Electromagnetic Weapons project. He conducted most of his research at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute in Bethesda, Md.

"We were looking at electrical activity in the brain and how to influence it," he says.
Byrd, a specialist in medical engineering and bioeffects, funded small research projects, including a paper on vortex weapons by Obolensky. He conducted experiments on animals--and even on himself--to see if brain waves would move into sync with waves impinging on them from the outside. (He found that they would, but the effect was short lived.)

By using very low frequency electromagnetic radiation--the waves way below radio frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum--he found he could induce the brain to release behavior-regulating chemicals. "We could put animals into a stupor," he says, by hitting them with these frequencies. "We got chick brains--in vitro--to dump 80 percent of the natural opioids in their brains," Byrd says. He even ran a small project that used magnetic fields to cause certain brain cells in rats to release histamine.

In humans, this would cause instant flulike symptoms and produce nausea. "These fields were extremely weak. They were undetectable," says Byrd. "The effects were nonlethal and reversible. You could disable a person temporarily," Byrd hypothesizes. "It [would have been] like a stun gun."

Byrd never tested any of his hardware in the field, and his program, scheduled for four years, apparently was closed down after two, he says. "The work was really outstanding," he grumbles. "We would have had a weapon in one year." Byrd says he was told his work would be unclassified, "unless it works." Because it worked, he suspects that the program "went black."

Other scientists tell similar tales of research on electromagnetic radiation turning top secret once successful results were achieved. There are clues that such work is continuing.

In 1995, the annual meeting of four-star U.S. Air Force generals--called CORONA--reviewed more than 1,000 potential projects. One was called "Put the Enemy to Sleep/Keep the Enemy From Sleeping." It called for exploring "acoustics," "microwaves," and "brain-wave manipulation" to alter sleep patterns. It was one of only three projects approved for initial investigation.

PHOENIX II, 1983, U.S.A.F, NSA:

Location: Montauk, Long Island Electronic multi-directional targeting of select population groups
Targeting: Medium range
Frequencies: Radar, microwaves. EHF UHF modulated
Power: Gigawatt through Terawatt
Purpose: Loading of Earth Grids, planetary sonombulescence to stave off geological activity, specific-point earthquake creation, population programming for sensitized individuals
Pseudonym: "Rainbow", ZAP

TRIDENT, 1989, ONR, NSA:

Electronic directed targeting of individuals or populations
Targeting: Large population groups assembled
Display: Black helicopters flying in triad formation of three
Power: 100,000 watts
Frequency: UHF
Purpose: Large group management and behavior control, riot control
Allied Agencies: FEMA
Pseudonym: "Black Triad" A.E.M.C

Mankind Research Unlimited

An obscure District of Columbia corporation called Mankind Research Unlimited (MRU) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Systems Consultants Inc. (SCI), operated a number of classified intelligence, government and Pentagon contracts, specializing in, amongst other things: "problem solving in the areas of intelligence electronic warfare, sensor technology and applications." (14)

MRU's "capability and experience" is divided into four fields. These include "biophysics -- Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields," "Research in Magneto-fluid Dynamics," "Planetary Electro-Hydro-Dynamics" and "Geo-pathic Efforts on Living Organisms." The latter focuses on the induction of illness by altering the magnetic nature of the geography.

Also under research were "Biocybernetics, Psychodynamic Experiments in Telepathy," "Errors in Human Perception," "Biologically Generated Fields," "Metapsychiatry and the Ultraconscious Mind" (believed to refer to experiments in telepathic mind control), "Behavioural Neuropsychiatry," "Analysis and Measurement of Human Subjective States" and "Human Unconscious Behavioural Patterns."

Employing some old OSS, CIA and military intelligence officers, the company also engages the services of prominent physicians and psychologists including E. Stanton Maxey, Stanley R. Dean Berthold, Eric Schwarz plus many more.

MRU lists in its Company Capabilities "brain and mind control." (15)

1989 CNN Program on EM Weapons

During 1989 CNN aired a program on electromagnetic weapons and showed a U.S. government document that outlined a contingency plan to use EM weapons against "terrorists." Prior to the show a DoD medical engineer sourced a story claiming that in the context of conditioning, microwaves and other modalities had regularly been used against Palestinians.

RF MEDIA, 1990, CIA:

Electronic, multi-directional subliminal suggestion and programming
Location: Boulder, Colorado (Location of main cell telephone node, national television synchronization node)
Targeting: national population of the United States
Frequencies: ULF VHF HF Phase modulation
Power: Gigawatts
Implementation: Television and radio communications, the "videodrome" signals
Purpose: Programming and triggering behavioral desire, subversion of psychic abilities of population, preparatory processing for mass electromagnetic control
Pseudonym: "Buzz Saw" E.E.M.C.

TOWER, 1990, CIA, NSA:

Electronic cross country subliminal programming and suggestionTargeting: Mass population, short-range intervals, long-range cumulativeFrequencies: Microwave, EHF SHFMethodology: Cellular telephone system, ELF modulationPurpose: Programming through neural resonance and encoded informationEffect: Neural degeneration, DNA resonance modification, psychic suppressionPseudonym: "Wedding Bells"

1992: Maj. Edward Dames and Project GRILL-FLAME

Major Edward Dames, formerly with the Pentagon's Defense Intelligence Agency until 1992, was a long-serving member of the highly classified operation GRILL-FLAME, a program that focused on some of the more bizarre possibilities of intelligence gathering and remote interrogation.

Known as "remote viewers," GRILL-FLAME personnel possessed a marked psychic ability that was put to use "penetrating" designated targets and gathering important intelligence on significant figures.

The program operated with two teams: one working out of the top secret NSA facility at Fort George Meade in Maryland, and the other at SRI. Results are said to have been exemplary.

Following the Oliver North debacle, the Secretary of Defense officially terminated GRILL-FLAME, fearing bad publicity if the program were to become known to the public.

The leading members of the project -- including Dames -- immediately relocated to the privately owned and newly formed Psi-Tech, and continue their work to this day, operating under government contract.

In the course of his work, Dames was (and remains) close to many the leading figures and proponents anti-personnel electromagnetic weapons, especially those that operate in the neurological field.

During NBC's "The Other Side" program, Dames stated that "The U.S. Government has an electronic device which could implant thoughts in people." He refused to comment further. The program was broadcast during April 1995.

1993 Report of "Acoustic Psycho-correction"

In 1993, Defense News announced that the Russian government was discussing with American counterparts the transfer of technical information and equipment known as "Acoustic Psycho-correction." The Russians claimed that this device involves "the transmission of specific commands via static or white noise bands into the human subconscious without upsetting other intellectual functions."

Experts said that demonstrations of this equipment have shown "encouraging" results "after exposure of less than one minute," and has produced "the ability to alter behavior on willing and unwilling subjects."

The article goes on to explain that combined "software and hardware associated with the (sic) psycho-correction program could be procured for as little as U.S. $80,000." The Russians went on to observe that "World opinion is not ready for dealing appropriately with the problems coming from the possibility of direct access to the human mind."

Acoustic psycho-correction dates back to the mid 1970's and can be used to "suppress riots, control dissidents, demoralize or disable opposing forces and enhance the performance of friendly special operations teams." (18)

One U.S. concern in relation to this device was aired by Janet Morris of the Global Strategy Council, a Washington-based think tank established by former CIA deputy director Ray Cline. Morris noted that "Ground troops risk exposure to bone-conducting sound that cannot be offset by earplugs or other protective gear."

In recent months I met with and discussed Russian research efforts, with a contact who had visited Russia earlier this year. He, in turn, met with a number of Russian scientists who are knowledgeable in this field. I have few doubts that the Defense News article cited earlier is fundamentally accurate.

1994 Report on "Less Than Lethal" Weapons

The April 1994 issue of Scientific American carried an article entitled "Bang! You're Alive" which briefly described some of the known arsenal of "Less Than Lethal" weapons presently available. These include laser rifles and low-frequency infrasound generators powerful enough to trigger nausea or diarrhea.

Steve Aftergood of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) noted that non-lethal weapons have been linked to "mind control" devices and that three of the most prominent advocates of non-lethality share an interest in psychic phenomena. (23)

It is now the opinion of many that these and related programs have been brought under the banner of non-lethal weapons, otherwise known as "less than lethal," which are now promulgated in connection with the doctrine of low intensity conflict, a concept for warfare in the 21st century.

It is clear that many of these Pentagon and related LTL programs operate under high classification. Others consider many similar or related "black" programs are funded from the vast resources presently available under the U.S. counter-drug law enforcement policy which has a FY 1995 budget of $13.2 billion. (25)

On 21 July 1994, Defense Secretary William J. Perry issued a memorandum on non-lethal weapons which outlined a tasking priority list for use of these technologies. Second on the list was "crowd control". Coming in at a poor fifth was "Disable or destroy weapons or weapon development/production processes, including suspected weapons of mass destruction."

It is therefore clear that non-lethality is fundamentally seen as anti-personnel rather than anti-material.

In July 1996, the Spotlight, a widely circulated right-wing U.S. newspaper, reported that well-placed DoD sources have confirmed a classified Pentagon contract for the development of "high-power electromagnetic generators that interfere with human brain waves." The article cited the memorandum of understanding dated 1994 between Attorney General Janet Reno, and Defense Secretary William Perry for transfer of LTL weapons to the law enforcement sector.

A budget of under $50 million has been made available for funding associated "black" programs.

Dr. Emery Horvath, a professor of physics at Harvard University, has stated in connection to the generator that interferes with human brain waves that "These electronic 'skull-zappers' are designed to invade the mind and short circuit its synapses... in the hands of government technicians, it may be used to disorient entire crowds, or to manipulate individuals into self destructive acts. It's a terrifying weapon." (26)

In a 1993 U.S. Air Command and Staff College paper entitled Non Lethal Technology and Air Power, authors Maj. Jonathan W. Klaaren (USAF) and Maj. Ronald S. Mitchell (USAF) outlined selected NLT weapons. These included "Acoustic" (pulsed/attenuated high-intensity sound, infrasound (very low frequency) and Polysound (high volume, distracting) as well as high-power microwaves (HPM) that possessed the ability to deter or incapacitate human beings.

These and other classified weapons are being passed to domestic law enforcement agencies, as shown by the 1995 ONDCP (Office of National Drug Control Policy) International Technology Symposium, "Counter-Drug Law Enforcement: Applied Technology for Improved Operational Effectiveness," which outlined the "Transition of advanced military technologies to the civil law enforcement environment."

There are some observers who fear that the burgeoning narcotics industry is an ideal "cover" in which to "transit" Non Lethal Technologies to domestic political tasks. Whether this is merely a misplaced "Orwellian" fear remains to be seen. (27)

Have weapons of this nature been developed and field tested?

Judging from the number of individuals and groups coming forward with complaints of harassment, the answer appears to be "yes." Kim Besley, of the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, has compiled a fairly extensive catalogue of effects that have resulted from low frequency signals emanating from the U.S. Greenham Common base, apparently targeted at the women protesters. These include: vertigo, retinal bleeding, burnt face (even at night), nausea, sleep disturbances, palpitations, loss of concentration, loss of memory, disorientation, severe headaches, temporary paralysis, faulty speech co-ordination, irritability and a sense of panic in non-panic situations. Identical and similar effects have been reported elsewhere and appear to be fairly common-place amongst so-called "victims."

Many of these symptoms have been associated in medical literature with exposure to microwaves and especially through low intensity or non-thermal exposures. (22) These have been reviewed by Dr. Robert Becker, twice nominated for the Nobel Prize, and a specialist in EM effects. His report confirms that the symptoms mirror those he would expect to see had Microwave weapons been deployed.

HAARP, 1995, CIA, NSA, ONR:

Electromagnetic resonant induction and mass population control
Location: Gakona, Alaska
Frequencies: Atmospheric phase-locked resonant UHF VHF
Potential: DNA code alteration in population and mass behavior modification
Power: Giga-watt to Tera-watt range
Step-Down reflective frequencies: Approx 1.1 GHz, Human DNA resonant frequency, cellular system phase-lock

PROJECT CLEAN SWEEP, 1997, 1998, CIA, NSA, ONR:

Electromagnetic resonant induction and mass population control
Location: Nationwide
Frequencies: Emotional wavelengths, data gathering through helocopter probes following media events - rebroadcast in order to restimulate population emotional levels for recreation of event scenarios.
Ref: LE#108, March 1998
Potential: Mass behavior modification
Power: Unknown. Possibly rebroadcast through GWEN network or cellular tower frequencies, coordinated from NBS in Colorado.

Jack Verona and Project SLEEPING BEAUTY

Current Projects include SLEEPING BEAUTY, directed towards the battlefield use of mind-altering electromagnetic weapons. This project is headed by Jack Verona, a highly placed Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) officer. Dr. Michael Persinger of Laurentian University is also employed on the project.

Project MONARCH

Other sources have revealed a project entitled MONARCH which, supposedly, is directed towards the deliberate creation of severe multiple personality disorder. (24)

SOURCES

Guyatt, David G. Synopsis prepared for the ICRC Symposium The Medical Profession and the Effects of Weapons http://www.angelfire.com/or/mctrl/
Keeler, Anna "Remote Mind Control Technology" Reprinted from Secret and Supressed: Banned Ideas and Hidden History (Portland, OR: Feral House, 1993)
Leading Edge International Research Group "Major Electromagnetic Mind Control Projects"
Pasternak, Douglas "Wonder Weapons: The Pentagon's quest for nonlethal arms is amazing, but is it smart?" U.S. News and World Report, 7 July 1997 http://www.angelfire.com/or/mctrl/